What choice do we have?

Posted February 12, 2013 by denaaruta
Categories: Dena Aruta

The following topic is very near to my heart. I have been mourning the loss of several friendships and family members to the bane of drug addiction. It does not matter the drug of choice, the verdict is the same. They have all told me they were clean, but in the end gave in to its callings. They had nice families, beautiful homes, nice cars and every other amenity they wanted or needed. Unfortunately, their addictive personalities led them astray each and every time.

The rehabs and then the slide back to addiction happened with so much frequency that families and friends eventually cut off contact. It is the family, especially the children whom are hurt most. I have seen it way too much just in my personal life.

And, it’s not just the addiction that kills. There are many infectious disease complications such as HIV/AIDS, hepatitis, cellulitis and blood-borne infections.

Many states and even the federal government prohibit the healthcare system to distribute sterile syringes to IV drug users. What do you think? Would handing out clean needles perpetuate the drug use cycles? Or would it help prevent the needless spread of infectious diseases, especially to spouses/partners and their children. Did you know that an infection as innocuous as chicken pox can kill a child quickly with HIV/AIDS? So, do we give the pregnant mother a clean needle to shoot up so that she does not pass on to her fetus the many infections she will come into contact with?

This is a dilemma which definitely needs more thought and debate.

MRSA and infectious diseases

Posted January 17, 2013 by denaaruta
Categories: Dena Aruta

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This story begins in England in 1959 with the licensing of methicillin, a novel antibiotic to be used to treat penicillin resistant Staphylococcus. In early 1961, the first strains of what we know today as methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA) were grown in culture. This highly infectious organism mainly inhabited the intensive care units and nursing homes where it became a huge part of the infections seen. In 1981, the first reports of community acquired MRSA, CA-MRSA, were seen and we continue to be at the mercy of nature to this day.

As a microbiologist, I have seen many cultures that have grown MRSA and many of those went on to be multi-drug resistant leaving physicians with few options for treatment. Since I worked in the laboratory, I had to remember, however, that there was a patient attached to each of the specimens. It is very easy to get caught up in processing one specimen after another and not thinking about the lives that are a part of the swabs.

I have had the experience of knowing someone behind the specimens; my teenage son. He developed a severe skin infection that turned out to be MRSA. The culture also showed that he had a multi-drug resistant strain. With my background, I was starting to panic knowing the implications this could mean for him. Fortunately, once he was admitted and put on IV vancomycin and oral linezolid, the infection began to clear up. It didn’t remain ‘gone’, however. He has been admitted three more times for the same reason. My point here is that behind every specimen there is a whole life behind it and we as health care workers need to consider this.

The Scourge of the Teenager

Posted November 25, 2012 by denaaruta
Categories: Dena Aruta

When I was in my early teens, I developed severe acne, cystic acne.  It was painful and my face was perpetually inflamed.  That does not go over well at that age.  I was teased and bullied because I did not ‘look like everyone else’.  On top of that, there was no treatment at the time for it.  The only thing that we had at the time were tubes of Clearsil that made your face look like you had been sunbathing.  Everyone knew if you used it.

There have been many advancements in the dermatological treatment of acne since that time.  And, there are many causes including hormonal fluctuations during the teenage years, medication and certain diseases such as polycystic ovary syndrome.  People have different reactions as to the extent that it controls their lives.  Acne can be mild and can occur on the face, neck, chest and back.  It typically occurs in teens due to the hormonal changes that happen during that time.  It can occur as blackheads, whiteheads and pimples and in its most extreme form, as painful cysts that can become infected.

There are over the counter medications containing benzoyl peroxide and salicylic acid that can control mild acne if used as detailed on the package.   For the more severe condition, there are prescription medications that can help.

For myself, I am in my mid-forties and still get acne around my menstrual cycle.  I thought it was supposed to be alleviated by the time I got gray hair, but apparently not.

Vaccination vs. Autism

Posted November 2, 2012 by denaaruta
Categories: Dena Aruta

There has been a long standing controversy around the whole issue of vaccinating our children.  Some argue that vaccines are the leading cause of autism even though there has been no scientific grounds for the claim.  In fact, the Autism Science Foundation has done studies with children receiving vaccines versus those who do not, and they found no difference in the neurological development of these children.

The controversy over vaccination has been there since the first vaccines for smallpox.  Throughout history, vaccines have become feared as well as coveted.  Today, vaccines keep not only the child receiving them but the entire community from developing epidemics of childhood diseases.  It just takes a few unvaccinated children to start an epidemic which seriously effects young children and the elderly.

When we talk about polio, influenza, measles, we take for granted that children in the US will never develop these life-threatening illnesses.  And, we take them for granted because we have never had to deal with them in our lifetime.

So, children entering kindergarten must have documentation of vaccination, but there are loopholes such as religious beliefs, personal beliefs and medical illness such as cancer and other immune deficient diseases.  The question is then, do we make vaccinations compulsory for everyone with the exception of those with medical illness?  And, how would we enforce it?  There are many more questions that have to be answered.  Please post here, your views on this topic.

 

Influenza Season Upon Us

Posted October 6, 2012 by denaaruta
Categories: Dena Aruta

In this era, we have not had to deal with the scourges of infectious diseases that were prevalent 100 years ago such as polio, measles, mumps, yellow fever and even influenza.  These diseases caused many, many deaths, a large amount being children.  We have become content and complacent in our attitudes toward infectious diseases in this country.  Influenza or ‘the flu’ has become a household word, but without the fear that it long ago stirred up.  How would we deal with an influenza epidemic, a strain of the influenza virus that mutated and has become especially virulant?

Each year, scientists and researchers try to predict how the virus will mutate based on the year before.  What if their predictions are wrong and the virulence is something that they are not prepared for?  And, what if the influenza vaccine is ineffective?

Let me know where you stand about our current complacency over a huge infectious disease epidemic.

Are we too complacent?

Posted September 22, 2012 by denaaruta
Categories: Dena Aruta

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Are you a citizen of the US or Canada and someone who feels complacent in the microbial world even though you may not realize it?  It’s easy to become lax in taking precautions in preventative care when we do not see in our own eyes the devastation that hemmorhagic fever can cause.  Or how about an epidemic of influenza?  Are we truly safe from the tropical diseases that we hear about only through the media?

The answer to that is a resounding ‘no’.  This year has been one of the worst for West Nile Fever which has been found in 48 states thus far. And, infection with hantavirus can progress to Hantavrus Pulmonry Syndrome which can be fatal. It is contracted through contact of rodents and their urine.  Along with these diseases, there are the ‘normal’ infections that we encounter here such as the common cold virus, Rhinovirus, the seasonal influenza virus and the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, which causes strep throat.

So the next time you consider whether or not to wash your hands, stick those fingers under warm water and scrub.

Summer microbes

Posted August 27, 2012 by denaaruta
Categories: Uncategorized

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Do you or have you ever used a neti pot to irrigate your sinus using non-sterile, non-filtered tap water?  If so, you may run the risk of becoming infected with this amebic parasite causing primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM).  This infection, if not caught early, can be fatal.

Only one species, Naegleria fowleri, infects humans and its mode of infection is by contact through the nose.  The organism travels through the sinuses into the brain where it destroys brain tissue.  It cannot be contracted by drinking contaminated water.  The fatality rate is over 99%. Only 1 person out of 123 known infected individuals in the United States from 1962 to 2011 has survived.

So, the next time you get ready to do a belly flop into fresh water you may want to think again.


Dena Aruta

This blog is here to not only educate about microbiology, but also to have fun.

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